Home Tags Posts tagged with "Tips Sehat"
Tag:

Tips Sehat

Health

Ministry of Health Officially Implements Nutri-Level Labeling to Combat Excessive Sugar Consumption

by Pevita Pearce
written by Pevita Pearce

The Ministry of Health (Kemenkes) has officially begun implementing a new policy requiring the placement of "nutri-level" nutrition labels on ready-to-eat food products, with a primary focus on sweetened beverages. This initiative aims to curb excessive sugar consumption among the public and promote healthier dietary choices. The policy, outlined in Ministerial Decree (KMK) Number HK.01.07/MENKES/301/2026, was issued on Tuesday, April 14, 2026, and is designed to provide consumers with clearer information to make informed decisions about their food and beverage intake.

Public Health Imperative: Addressing the Rise of Non-Communicable Diseases

Minister of Health, Budi Gunadi Sadikin, articulated that this measure is a critical step in public education to prevent a range of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) that are increasingly linked to unhealthy dietary patterns. "Therefore, efforts must be made through the provision of information and education so that the public can more easily choose appropriate and healthy ready-to-eat food products according to their needs," stated Budi through the official Kemenkes website on Tuesday, April 14.

The connection between excessive consumption of sugar, salt, and fat (GGL) and the escalating risk of diseases such as obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and type 2 diabetes is well-documented. This policy is a direct response to the growing burden these diseases place on the national healthcare system.

Alarming Healthcare Costs: The Economic Impact of NCDs

The financial strain of NCDs is substantial and growing. For instance, the cost of treating kidney failure in Indonesia has seen a dramatic surge. In 2025, the financing burden for kidney failure escalated by over 400 percent, reaching Rp 13.38 trillion, a stark contrast to the Rp 2.32 trillion recorded in 2019. This significant increase underscores the urgent need for proactive public health interventions aimed at disease prevention. The implementation of the Nutri-Level labeling is a key component of this preventative strategy, empowering consumers to make choices that can mitigate their long-term health risks and, consequently, reduce the economic burden on the healthcare sector.

The Nutri-Level System: A Visual Guide to Nutritional Content

Under the new regulation, large-scale businesses are mandated to affix Nutri-Level labels to their ready-to-eat food products, with an initial emphasis on beverages. These include popular items such as boba drinks, teh tarik, palm sugar coffee, and various juices. The Nutri-Level system is designed for immediate consumer comprehension, utilizing a four-tier categorization system:

Kemenkes Resmi Terapkan Aturan Nutri-Level, Cegah Gula Berlebih
  • Level A: Represented by the letter ‘A’ in a dark green color. This signifies the lowest content of sugar, salt, and fat.
  • Level B: Represented by the letter ‘B’ in a light green color. This indicates a moderate-to-low content.
  • Level C: Represented by the letter ‘C’ in a yellow color. This denotes a moderate content.
  • Level D: Represented by the letter ‘D’ in a red color. This signifies the highest content of sugar, salt, and fat, alerting consumers to potential health concerns.

This color-coded system aims to provide an intuitive and easily digestible visual cue, allowing consumers to quickly assess the nutritional profile of a product at a glance. The information is not confined to product packaging; it must also be prominently displayed on menus, brochures, and digital food ordering platforms, ensuring accessibility across various consumer touchpoints.

Legislative Mandate and Inter-Sectoral Collaboration

Minister of Health Sadikin emphasized that this policy is not an isolated initiative but rather a fulfillment of the mandate outlined in the Law on Health. This law underscores the critical importance of synergistic, cross-sectoral collaboration in disease prevention efforts. "The Health Law mandates that cross-sectoral policies are aligned. Kemenkes is responsible for regulating ready-to-eat food, while processed food or factory products fall under the purview of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM)," he explained. This division of responsibility ensures a comprehensive regulatory approach to food safety and nutritional labeling across different product categories.

Phased Implementation: Supporting Small Businesses

In its initial phase, the Nutri-Level regulation will not apply to micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), such as traditional eateries (warteg), street food vendors with carts, or small local restaurants. This phased approach acknowledges the potential challenges faced by smaller businesses in adapting to new labeling requirements and allows them time to integrate the system as it becomes more widespread. The focus is on enabling large-scale producers to lead the way, setting a precedent and facilitating a smoother transition for smaller enterprises in the future.

Broader Implications and Future Outlook

The introduction of the Nutri-Level labeling system is a significant stride towards fostering a health-conscious society. By providing transparent and easily understood nutritional information, the Ministry of Health aims to empower individuals to make more informed dietary choices. The ultimate goal is to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases, thereby improving the overall health and well-being of the Indonesian population.

This policy is expected to have several ripple effects:

  • Increased Consumer Awareness: The visual cues provided by the Nutri-Level system are anticipated to significantly boost public awareness regarding the sugar, salt, and fat content in everyday food and beverages. This heightened awareness can lead to a gradual shift in consumer preferences towards healthier options.
  • Industry Innovation: The mandate may incentivize food and beverage manufacturers to reformulate their products to achieve lower Nutri-Level ratings, driving innovation in the development of healthier alternatives. Companies will likely compete to offer products that meet higher nutritional standards to appeal to health-conscious consumers.
  • Support for Public Health Campaigns: The Nutri-Level system can serve as a powerful tool to support broader public health campaigns aimed at reducing sugar intake and promoting balanced diets. It provides a tangible reference point for consumers engaging with these campaigns.
  • Potential for Policy Expansion: While currently focused on ready-to-eat foods, the success of this initiative could pave the way for the expansion of similar labeling requirements to other food categories, including pre-packaged processed foods, in the future. This would create a more comprehensive nutritional labeling landscape.

The Ministry of Health anticipates that the Nutri-Level labeling will be instrumental in encouraging a cultural shift towards healthier eating habits. By making nutritional information more accessible and understandable, the government is investing in the long-term health of its citizens and striving to build a more resilient and healthier future for Indonesia. The consistent application and promotion of this policy will be crucial in realizing its full potential in combating the rising tide of diet-related diseases.

0 comment
0 FacebookTwitterPinterestEmail
Health

Jusuf Kalla Faces Politically Motivated Accusations of Religious Defamation

by Raul Delapena Setiawan
written by Raul Delapena Setiawan

JAKARTA – Former Vice President Jusuf Kalla (JK) is facing accusations of religious defamation, which a prominent policy and national political analyst suggests are politically motivated and lack objective basis. Nasky Putra Tandjung, Chairman of the Indonesia Youth Epicentrum, argued that the accusations against Kalla are disproportionate, lack objectivity, and fail to offer a comprehensive assessment of the issue.

The controversy stems from interpretations of a lecture delivered by Jusuf Kalla at Gadjah Mada University (UGM). Nasky contends that the ensuing public debate is excessive and points to a deliberate effort to manipulate public opinion through systematic negative framing aimed at discrediting Kalla. He characterized the reactions as overly emotional, reactionary, and driven by agitational and provocative narratives that risk escalating broader societal conflict.

"The legal attempts to report Mr. Kalla to the police are also considered baseless, given that Mr. Kalla did not accuse, insult, or demean any particular religion, let alone pass a negative judgment upon it. Therefore, the accusation of religious defamation is entirely unfounded and fabricated," Nasky stated in a press release on Wednesday, April 15, 2026.

Background of the Controversy

The statement that triggered the controversy was reportedly made during a lecture at UGM, a prestigious public university known for its academic freedom and diverse student body. While the exact wording of Kalla’s remarks has been subject to varying interpretations, sources indicate that the discussion revolved around the complex relationship between religion and societal progress in Indonesia. Indonesia, a nation with a significant Muslim majority, also recognizes several other religions, including Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism, and embraces the principle of religious pluralism enshrined in its national ideology, Pancasila.

Jusuf Kalla, a seasoned politician with extensive experience in both government and public life, has often been a vocal commentator on national issues. His remarks at UGM, intended to foster dialogue and understanding, appear to have been taken out of context by some segments of the public, leading to the accusations of religious defamation.

Timeline of Events and Reactions

The timeline of events leading to the current accusations can be broadly outlined as follows:

  • Date of UGM Lecture (Approximate): Jusuf Kalla delivers a lecture at Gadjah Mada University, addressing topics related to religion and society. The specific date is not detailed in the original report but is understood to have occurred prior to the public outcry.
  • Emergence of Interpretations and Accusations: Following the lecture, various interpretations of Kalla’s statements begin to circulate. Some individuals and groups perceive his remarks as offensive or blasphemous towards a particular religion.
  • Public Outcry and Media Coverage: The perceived controversy gains traction on social media and is subsequently picked up by news outlets. This leads to widespread public discussion and debate, often characterized by strong emotional responses.
  • Formal Complaints Filed: Reports indicate that formal complaints are lodged against Jusuf Kalla with law enforcement agencies, specifically the Polda Metro Jaya (Jakarta Metropolitan Police). This escalates the matter from public discourse to a potential legal investigation.
  • Statements from Supporters and Analysts: In response to the accusations and legal actions, figures like Nasky Putra Tandjung issue statements defending Kalla, arguing for a more nuanced and less politically charged interpretation of his words. Kalla’s spokesperson also reportedly issued a statement addressing the allegations, though details were not fully provided in the initial report.
  • Ongoing Legal and Political Scrutiny: The legal process initiated by the complaints is expected to unfold, while the political implications of the accusations continue to be a subject of discussion.

Analysis of the Accusations

Nasky Putra Tandjung’s assessment highlights several key points that warrant closer examination:

1. Political Motivation: The suggestion that the accusations are politically motivated implies that Kalla’s past political roles or potential future influence might be a factor. In Indonesia’s dynamic political landscape, public figures are often subject to scrutiny that can be influenced by rivalries or attempts to undermine their standing. Accusations of religious defamation can be potent tools in such contexts, capable of galvanizing specific voter bases and creating significant public pressure.

2. Lack of Proportionality and Objectivity: Nasky argues that the reaction is disproportionate to the alleged offense. This suggests that the interpretation of Kalla’s words might be stretched beyond their intended meaning or context. Objectivity, in this view, would require a careful analysis of the entire speech, the speaker’s intent, and the specific religious tenets allegedly violated, rather than a selective focus on controversial phrases.

3. Systematic Negative Framing and Opinion Manipulation: The claim of "systematic negative framing" suggests a coordinated effort to portray Kalla in a negative light. This can involve selectively quoting remarks, misrepresenting intentions, and amplifying negative interpretations across various platforms to create a widespread perception of wrongdoing. Such tactics are often employed to shape public discourse and influence opinions without necessarily engaging with the substance of the original statement.

4. The Role of Emotional and Agitative Narratives: Nasky’s observation about "agitational and provocative narratives" points to the use of language designed to incite strong emotions, particularly anger or outrage, among the public. This approach bypasses rational discourse and can lead to polarization and conflict, making it difficult to engage in constructive dialogue.

5. Legal Basis of the Accusations: The assertion that Kalla did not "accuse, insult, or demean" any religion is central to the defense. In Indonesia, the blasphemy laws, while controversial, typically require proof of intent to insult or defame a recognized religion. If Kalla’s remarks were indeed aimed at promoting interfaith understanding or analyzing societal dynamics, as Nasky suggests, then the legal basis for defamation would be weak.

Broader Implications for Religious Tolerance and Public Discourse

The controversy surrounding Jusuf Kalla’s remarks has significant implications for the broader discourse on religious tolerance and freedom of expression in Indonesia.

  • Chilling Effect on Dialogue: If individuals are constantly at risk of facing legal repercussions or public condemnation for expressing nuanced views on religion or society, it can create a chilling effect on open dialogue and academic discourse. This is particularly concerning in a diverse nation like Indonesia, where robust discussion is essential for navigating complex social issues.
  • Weaponization of Religious Sensitivities: The ease with which accusations of religious defamation can be mobilized raises concerns about the weaponization of religious sensitivities for political or personal gain. This can undermine genuine efforts to protect religious freedom and promote interfaith harmony.
  • Importance of Context and Intent: This incident underscores the critical importance of understanding statements within their full context and considering the speaker’s intent. Without this, even well-intentioned remarks can be misconstrued and lead to unnecessary conflict.
  • Role of Media and Social Media: The amplification of such controversies through media and social media platforms highlights the dual-edged nature of these tools. While they can facilitate information sharing, they can also be exploited to spread misinformation and inflame tensions.
  • Upholding Universal Values: Nasky’s concluding remark that Kalla’s statement aimed to encourage the embracing of "universal values, namely humanity" through interfaith relations, offers a positive interpretation. It suggests that the underlying message was one of unity and shared human dignity, a perspective that can be lost in the heat of accusation.

The legal proceedings that follow will be closely watched, not only for their outcome concerning Jusuf Kalla but also for the precedent they might set regarding religious discourse and freedom of expression in Indonesia. The ability of the nation to foster an environment where diverse perspectives can be shared and debated respectfully, without fear of unwarranted accusation, remains a crucial challenge. The case serves as a reminder of the delicate balance between safeguarding religious sensitivities and upholding the principles of open dialogue and intellectual freedom.

0 comment
0 FacebookTwitterPinterestEmail
Health

Pilgrims Explore Historic Madinah Sites After Hajj 2026: A Deeper Dive into Islamic Heritage

by Muslim
written by Muslim

As the Hajj 2026 pilgrimage concludes, a significant number of Muslim faithful are seizing the opportunity to explore the rich historical and spiritual tapestry of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. While the core rituals of Hajj are centered in Makkah, Arafah, Muzdalifah, and Mina, Madinah serves as a crucial spiritual anchor for nearly all pilgrims, traditionally a place for profound worship and visitation of sacred sites. The Saudi Arabian government, since 2019, has discouraged the use of the term "religious tourism" in relation to Umrah and Hajj, emphasizing the sacred nature of these journeys. However, allowing pilgrims to visit historical destinations after completing their Hajj obligations remains a permitted and encouraged practice, offering a deeper connection to Islamic history and culture.

The first wave of Hajj 2026 pilgrims began their spiritual journey on April 21, 2026, with the Hajj period spanning 40 days. This extended period allows ample time for pilgrims to undertake further spiritual enrichment and historical exploration in Madinah, a city steeped in over 1,400 years of Islamic history. Beyond the essential Hajj rituals, these sites offer invaluable insights into the life and times of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the early Islamic era.

The Significance of Madinah in Islam

Madinah, historically known as Yathrib, holds immense significance in Islam. It was the city to which Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his followers migrated from Makkah in 622 CE, an event known as the Hijrah, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar. Madinah became the first capital of the Islamic state, a center for the dissemination of Islamic teachings, and the resting place of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), his close companions Abu Bakr and Umar, and his daughter Fatimah. The city’s profound spiritual aura draws millions of Muslims annually, not just for Hajj but also for Umrah, a lesser pilgrimage performed throughout the year.

While Hajj itself is a pillar of Islam with specific rites performed in designated locations, the spiritual journey often extends beyond these core rituals. Madinah offers a unique opportunity to connect with the physical remnants of early Islamic history, providing a tangible link to the foundational events and figures of the faith.

Key Historical Destinations for Post-Hajj Exploration

Pilgrims with available time after fulfilling their Hajj obligations are encouraged to visit several historically significant sites in Madinah. These locations offer not only spiritual reflection but also educational insights into the early development of Islam.

Jabal Uhud: A Witness to Sacrifice and Faith

One of the most revered historical sites is Jabal Uhud, also known as Mount Uhud. This mountain range, located north of Madinah, is not only a natural landmark but also the site of the pivotal Battle of Uhud, which took place in 625 CE. The battle, though a challenging period for the early Muslim community, is a testament to their resilience, faith, and sacrifice.

During the Battle of Uhud, many companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) achieved martyrdom. Their graves are located at the foot of Jabal Uhud, making it a significant site for remembrance and prayer for the martyrs. Islamic tradition holds Jabal Uhud in high regard, with prophecies suggesting it is one of the mountains that will exist in Paradise.

Tempat-Tempat Bersejarah dalam Islam yang Bisa Dikunjungi di Madinah

The historical context of Jabal Uhud underscores the sacrifices made by the early Muslims. The battle, despite its initial setbacks for the Muslims, ultimately reinforced their commitment and strategic understanding. Visiting Jabal Uhud provides pilgrims with a solemn opportunity to reflect on the bravery and devotion of those who defended Islam in its nascent stages. The rugged terrain and the vastness of the surrounding area evoke a sense of historical gravitas, allowing visitors to connect with the past on a profound level.

Al-Hejaz Railway Museum: A Gateway to Ottoman-Era Engineering and Culture

A remarkable testament to a bygone era of engineering and connectivity is the Al-Hejaz Railway Museum, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site. This museum acts as a historical archive, preserving around 2,000 artifacts that chronicle the cultural and technological advancements of Madinah during the Ottoman period.

The museum is situated on the grounds of what was once a monumental undertaking: the construction of a railway line connecting Madinah to Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire. Conceived by Sultan Abdul Hamid II, this ambitious project aimed to facilitate travel and trade across the vast empire, particularly for pilgrims journeying to the holy cities. While the project faced significant challenges and was eventually abandoned due to political shifts and logistical difficulties, its remnants now serve as a unique historical attraction.

The Al-Hejaz Railway Museum offers a fascinating glimpse into the logistical and engineering prowess of the Ottoman era. The preserved locomotives, carriages, and station buildings tell a story of ambition, cross-continental connectivity, and the strategic importance of Madinah. For visitors, it’s an opportunity to appreciate the historical threads that linked different parts of the Islamic world and the technological innovations that shaped travel in the early 20th century. The museum’s location in Al Suqya, Madinah, makes it an accessible and enriching addition to any post-Hajj itinerary.

Broader Implications and Pilgrim Experience

The availability of these historical sites for exploration after Hajj significantly enhances the overall pilgrimage experience. It transforms the journey from a singular act of worship into a more comprehensive immersion in Islamic heritage. By providing access to sites like Jabal Uhud and the Al-Hejaz Railway Museum, Saudi authorities are facilitating a deeper understanding and appreciation of the historical and cultural foundations of Islam.

The government’s emphasis on respecting the sacredness of the Hajj and Umrah journeys while still permitting exploration of historical sites strikes a balance. It acknowledges the primary spiritual purpose of the pilgrimage while recognizing the educational and inspirational value of these historical landmarks. This approach allows pilgrims to return home not only with their spiritual obligations fulfilled but also with a richer, more nuanced understanding of their faith’s history.

The continued preservation and promotion of these sites are vital for future generations of Muslims. They serve as tangible links to the past, offering lessons in faith, sacrifice, perseverance, and the rich tapestry of Islamic civilization. As Hajj 2026 draws to a close, the spiritual resonance of Madinah’s historical treasures will undoubtedly continue to inspire and educate countless pilgrims for years to come. The exploration of these sites is more than just sightseeing; it is a journey through time, connecting the present with the foundational moments of Islamic history.

0 comment
0 FacebookTwitterPinterestEmail
Health

Legal Expert Questions Basis of Tourism Grant Corruption Case Against Sri Purnomo Amidst Constitutional Court Ruling

by Evan Lee Salim
written by Evan Lee Salim

The legal proceedings surrounding alleged corruption in tourism grant funds, with Sri Purnomo as the defendant, have entered a critical new phase. The focus has sharpened on the validity of state loss calculations and the absence of criminal intent, particularly in light of a significant Constitutional Court ruling. Chairul Huda, a legal expert and advisor to the National Police Chief, has cast doubt on the foundation of the case, asserting that evidence linking the tourism grant policy to violations during the 2020 Sleman Regional Election remains elusive. His testimony, delivered as an expert witness at the Yogyakarta District Court, emphasized the lack of any indication of fund diversion or personal gain by the accused.

Scrutiny Over Criminal Intent and State Loss Calculation

At the heart of the current legal debate is the fundamental question of mens rea, or criminal intent. Huda, in his capacity as an expert witness, articulated a core tenet of criminal law: an individual cannot be deemed guilty of a crime without demonstrable intent. He stated unequivocally, "How can someone be said to have committed a crime if they have no motive? So far, no such motive has been found; there is no mens rea." This assertion directly challenges the prosecution’s narrative, suggesting a potential deficiency in establishing the necessary psychological element for a criminal conviction.

Furthermore, the calculation of state losses, a crucial component in corruption cases, has come under significant scrutiny. While the original article does not detail the specific figures or methodologies used, the expert’s questioning implies that these calculations may be flawed or unsubstantiated. In corruption cases, the precise quantification of financial harm to the state is paramount. If this calculation is found to be inaccurate or based on incorrect premises, it could fundamentally weaken the prosecution’s case. Legal experts often point to cases where overly broad interpretations of financial impropriety or speculative loss estimations have been overturned on appeal. The integrity of these calculations is therefore a linchpin for the prosecution.

The Constitutional Court’s Influence and Neutrality Allegations

The proceedings are also being viewed through the lens of Constitutional Court (MK) Decision Number 28/PUU-XXIV/2026. While the original article does not elaborate on the specifics of this ruling, its mention suggests a potential legal precedent or interpretation that could impact the case. Constitutional Court decisions often clarify ambiguities in existing laws or establish new legal principles. If this ruling pertains to the interpretation of governmental authority, the use of public funds, or the definition of neutrality for regional heads during elections, it could have direct implications for Sri Purnomo’s defense.

A significant aspect of the allegations, as alluded to by Huda, revolves around the supposed violation of neutrality by the regional head during the 2020 Sleman Regional Election. Huda’s testimony, however, directly refutes this, stating that no evidence has emerged to connect the tourism grant policy to electoral misconduct. He further stressed that if any violations of regional head neutrality had occurred, they should have been definitively established by the appropriate authorities. These include the Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu), the Integrated Law Enforcement Team (Gakkumdu), or the Constitutional Court itself, which adjudicates election disputes. The absence of any such pronouncements from these bodies, according to Huda, further undermines the basis of the current charges.

Background: Tourism Grants and Sleman’s Development

To understand the context of this case, it is essential to examine the broader landscape of tourism grants in Indonesia and specifically in Sleman Regency. Tourism grants are often disbursed by central or regional governments to support local tourism initiatives, infrastructure development, promotion, and community empowerment programs aimed at boosting the sector. These funds are intended to stimulate economic growth, create employment, and enhance the appeal of tourist destinations.

Sleman Regency, located in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, is a region rich in cultural heritage and natural attractions, including historical sites like Borobudur Temple (though technically in neighboring Magelang, its influence extends to the region) and Prambanan Temple, as well as natural landscapes like Mount Merapi. The tourism sector is a significant contributor to the local economy. Therefore, the allocation and utilization of tourism grants are typically viewed as crucial for the region’s development.

The 2020 Sleman Regional Election was a period of heightened political activity. Allegations of misuse of public funds or abuse of power for electoral advantage are not uncommon in such contexts. However, the specific nature of the alleged corruption in this case, linked to tourism grants, raises questions about whether the funds were indeed diverted for political purposes or if the disbursement process itself was manipulated.

Chronology of the Case (Inferred and General)

While a precise timeline is not provided in the original text, a typical corruption case involving a regional official would generally follow a sequence of events:

  • Initial Allegations: Reports or whistleblowers might surface regarding irregularities in the disbursement or utilization of tourism grant funds.
  • Investigation: Law enforcement agencies, such as the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) or the National Police, would initiate an investigation. This would involve gathering evidence, interviewing witnesses, and potentially conducting forensic accounting.
  • Evidence Gathering and Analysis: Investigators would meticulously examine financial records, project documents, and correspondence related to the grants. This is where the calculation of state losses would be meticulously undertaken.
  • Indictment: If sufficient evidence is found to establish probable cause, the suspect would be formally charged and indicted.
  • Trial Proceedings: The case would proceed to trial, where the prosecution presents its evidence and arguments, and the defense has the opportunity to challenge the evidence and present its own case. Expert witnesses, like Chairul Huda, are often called during this phase.
  • Verdict and Sentencing: The court would deliver a verdict based on the evidence presented and legal arguments. If found guilty, the defendant would be sentenced.

The current stage, with an expert legal witness challenging the core tenets of the case, indicates that the trial is likely well underway, and the defense is actively presenting its counter-arguments.

Expert Testimony and the "Forced Case" Accusation

Chairul Huda’s strong assertion that the case is "forced" is a significant statement. This implies that he believes the prosecution is attempting to build a case where the evidence does not naturally support a criminal charge. His reasoning is multifaceted:

  • No Personal Benefit: He explicitly stated that there is no evidence of the accused receiving personal financial gain from the grant funds. This is a critical distinction. Corruption charges often hinge on proving that public funds were misappropriated for personal enrichment.
  • Community Beneficiary: Huda pointed out that the grant funds were ultimately received by the community. This suggests that the projects or initiatives funded by the grants were implemented and, presumably, benefited the intended recipients. If the funds were disbursed and used for their stated purpose, even if there were procedural irregularities, it complicates the argument for criminal corruption.
  • Inappropriate Criminalization: He views the escalation of the matter to a criminal domain as an inappropriate response, particularly if the alleged wrongdoing could be addressed through administrative or civil means. This suggests a belief that the case is being pursued with undue severity.

Broader Implications for Governance and Public Trust

The implications of this case, and particularly the expert’s critique, extend beyond the immediate legal battle.

  • Due Process and Presumption of Innocence: The case highlights the importance of due process and the presumption of innocence. The defense’s strategy, as evidenced by Huda’s testimony, is to rigorously question the evidence and the legal basis for the charges. This is a fundamental aspect of a fair trial.
  • Clarity in Grant Disbursement: If the case indeed stems from procedural issues rather than deliberate corruption, it underscores the need for clear, transparent, and robust guidelines for the disbursement and oversight of public grants. Ambiguities in regulations can inadvertently create opportunities for accusations of impropriety, even when no criminal intent exists.
  • Impact on Public Service: Cases like this can have a chilling effect on public officials. Fear of baseless accusations or overly aggressive prosecution could deter individuals from taking on leadership roles or from making decisions that involve public funds, even when acting with good intentions. This can ultimately hinder effective governance and public service delivery.
  • Public Trust: The manner in which such cases are handled significantly impacts public trust in the justice system and in government institutions. A perceived "forced case" or a miscarriage of justice can erode public confidence. Conversely, a rigorous and fair process that upholds legal principles, regardless of the outcome, can help maintain that trust.

Need for Definitive Proof

The legal system is designed to operate on proof beyond a reasonable doubt. For Sri Purnomo to be convicted, the prosecution must demonstrably prove not only that irregularities occurred but also that these irregularities constituted criminal corruption, including the essential element of criminal intent. Chairul Huda’s testimony serves as a significant challenge to the prosecution’s ability to meet this burden of proof. The coming proceedings will likely focus on whether the prosecution can present irrefutable evidence that overcomes these fundamental legal questions, particularly regarding the absence of mens rea and the validity of the state loss calculation in the context of the Constitutional Court’s pronouncements. The outcome of this case could set an important precedent for how allegations of corruption involving public grants are investigated and prosecuted in Indonesia.

0 comment
0 FacebookTwitterPinterestEmail
Health

Singapore Changi Airport Ranks Second Globally for Family-Friendliness in Skytrax 2026 World Airport Awards

by Dwi Wanna
written by Dwi Wanna

Singapore, April 15, 2026 – Singapore Changi Airport has once again solidified its reputation as a premier travel hub, securing the second position globally in the prestigious Skytrax World Airport Awards 2026 for the World’s Most Family-Friendly Airport. This distinguished accolade places Changi as the sole representative from Southeast Asia in this highly competitive category, underscoring its unwavering commitment to creating an exceptional experience for travelers of all ages.

The top honor in the World’s Most Family-Friendly Airport category was awarded to Incheon International Airport in South Korea. However, Changi’s consistent high performance and innovative approach to family travel have earned it a remarkable second place, highlighting the depth and quality of its family-centric initiatives. This ranking is a testament to Changi’s strategic vision to cater not just to transit passengers, but to create a destination in itself, particularly for families navigating the complexities of air travel with children.

The Skytrax World Airport Awards, a globally recognized benchmark for airport excellence, bases its rankings on extensive passenger surveys conducted across more than 500 airports worldwide. For the "Most Family-Friendly Airport" category, Skytrax meticulously evaluates a wide array of factors, including the safety and accessibility of family facilities, the efficiency of check-in and immigration processes for families, the quality and appeal of play areas, the availability and convenience of baby care rooms, and the provision of childcare services. Changi Airport’s consistent presence at the top of these rankings reflects its deep understanding of the unique needs and desires of traveling families.

A Legacy of Family-Focused Innovation

Changi Airport’s journey to becoming a global leader in family-friendliness is built upon a sustained investment in diverse and engaging amenities. The airport seamlessly integrates a spectrum of facilities, ranging from complimentary services to premium offerings, all designed with the comfort and enjoyment of children and their guardians in mind. This philosophy ensures that a layover at Changi is not merely a waiting period but an integral part of the travel adventure.

Among the standout features that have garnered particular praise from Skytrax and travelers alike are the airport’s imaginative play zones. The indoor playgrounds offer a safe and stimulating environment for children to expend energy, while the awe-inspiring four-story slide provides an exhilarating experience for both younger and older visitors. Further enhancing the appeal for families, Changi boasts a rooftop swimming pool nestled within a lush butterfly garden, offering a unique oasis of relaxation and discovery high above the bustling terminals. For those seeking entertainment, a complimentary cinema provides a welcome respite, showcasing a selection of family-friendly films.

Beyond these headline attractions, Changi Airport excels in providing practical conveniences that significantly ease the burden of traveling with young children. Discreetly located nap areas offer parents a chance to rest, while well-equipped baby care rooms provide essential facilities for feeding and changing. These thoughtful amenities are strategically positioned throughout the airport, ensuring easy access for families regardless of their location within the terminals.

The airport’s commitment to creating immersive experiences extends to its themed play zones, inspired by beloved characters such as Pororo the Little Penguin and Pinkfong. These zones transform transit into a delightful adventure, making Changi feel less like a transit point and more like an extension of a family vacation. Such innovative approaches demonstrate Changi’s proactive stance in redefining the airport experience, moving beyond mere functionality to embrace experiential travel.

The Skytrax Awards: A Benchmark of Global Airport Performance

The Skytrax World Airport Awards, established in 1999, are highly anticipated within the aviation industry. They are considered a definitive mark of quality and excellence for airports worldwide. The awards are based on passenger satisfaction surveys, which are conducted annually and cover a comprehensive range of airport services and facilities. This direct feedback from travelers ensures that the awards reflect genuine passenger experiences and preferences.

Changi Singapura Urutan Kedua di Dunia Bandara Paling Ramah Keluarga

The "Most Family-Friendly Airport" category specifically targets the unique requirements of families, recognizing that a positive airport experience for children can significantly contribute to overall travel satisfaction and reduce stress for parents. Airports are assessed on criteria such as:

  • Family Facilities: Availability and quality of play areas, dedicated family lounges, and amenities for toddlers.
  • Ease of Travel: Efficient and family-friendly check-in, security, and immigration processes.
  • Baby Care Facilities: Clean, well-equipped, and accessible nursing rooms and changing stations.
  • Childcare Services: Availability of supervised play areas or short-term childcare options.
  • Entertainment and Dining: Family-oriented dining options and engaging entertainment for children.
  • Comfort and Convenience: Availability of quiet zones, family restrooms, and easy navigation.

Changi Airport’s consistent high ranking in this category is not a recent development. The airport has been a strong contender for years, often featuring in the top ranks of global airport awards, including the overall "World’s Best Airport" title, which it has held multiple times. This sustained excellence points to a deeply ingrained culture of customer service and continuous improvement within the airport’s operations.

Broader Implications and Future Outlook

Changi Airport’s success in the "Most Family-Friendly Airport" category has significant implications for the aviation industry and tourism in the region. It sets a benchmark for other airports, encouraging them to invest in similar family-centric infrastructure and services. For Singapore, it reinforces its position as a preferred family travel destination, potentially boosting tourism arrivals and revenue.

The emphasis on family-friendliness aligns with global travel trends, where an increasing number of people are choosing to travel with their children. Airports that cater effectively to this demographic are likely to see higher passenger satisfaction, repeat visits, and positive word-of-mouth referrals. This can translate into greater passenger loyalty and a stronger competitive advantage.

Furthermore, the recognition for Changi highlights the importance of creating a holistic travel experience. In an era where travel is increasingly about more than just reaching a destination, airports are evolving into destinations in their own right. By offering amenities that rival those of theme parks and entertainment complexes, Changi is demonstrating a forward-thinking approach that prioritizes passenger well-being and enjoyment throughout their journey.

The strategic placement of facilities like the indoor playgrounds, swimming pool, and themed zones also serves to encourage longer layovers. This can benefit airlines through increased passenger bookings for extended stops and provide a boost to local businesses through passenger spending within the airport and potentially in the city.

Looking Ahead: Continued Commitment to Excellence

While Incheon International Airport takes the top spot this year, Changi Airport’s second-place finish is a clear indicator of its enduring commitment to families. The airport’s management has consistently shown an eagerness to innovate and adapt to the evolving needs of its passengers. It is highly probable that Changi will continue to invest in new attractions and services to further enhance its family-friendly offerings.

The competition for global airport accolades is fierce, with airports constantly striving to improve their facilities and services. However, Changi’s consistent performance suggests a robust operational framework and a dedicated team focused on delivering an unparalleled travel experience. The ability to balance operational efficiency with engaging passenger amenities is a delicate act, and Changi appears to have mastered it.

For travelers planning their next family vacation, Singapore Changi Airport stands out as a compelling choice, not just as a gateway, but as an integral part of the holiday experience. Its recognition as the second most family-friendly airport in the world is a well-deserved honor, reflecting years of dedication to making air travel a joyous and stress-free occasion for every member of the family. The airport’s success serves as a powerful example of how prioritizing passenger comfort and engagement can lead to global acclaim and sustained success in the competitive aviation landscape.

0 comment
0 FacebookTwitterPinterestEmail
Health

Indonesia’s Attorney General’s Office Accelerates Auction of Seized Iranian Oil Tanker and Cargo Valued at Over $70 Million

by Dwi Wanna
written by Dwi Wanna

JAKARTA – The Attorney General’s Office (AGO), through its Asset Recovery Directorate (ARD), is set to expedite the auction of state confiscated assets, specifically the MT Arman 114 tanker, a vessel flying the Iranian flag, and its cargo of light crude oil. The auction’s minimum bid has been set at Rp1.17 trillion, with a security deposit of Rp118 billion. This move has garnered significant praise from the Deputy Speaker of Commission III of the House of Representatives (DPR RI), Ahmad Sahroni, who views it as a tangible demonstration of the recovery of state losses.

The decision by the AGO to conduct an open auction for these significant assets underscores a proactive approach to asset recovery, a priority for the Indonesian government. The scale of the confiscated goods, particularly the value of the oil cargo and the vessel itself, highlights the potential for substantial financial gains that can be repatriated for national benefit.

Background of the Seizure and Legal Proceedings

The seizure of the MT Arman 114 and its crude oil cargo is part of a broader international effort to combat illicit maritime activities and enforce sanctions. While specific details surrounding the initial seizure of the MT Arman 114 by Indonesian authorities are not elaborated upon in the provided text, such actions typically stem from violations of international maritime law, sanctions regimes, or environmental regulations. Vessels carrying oil, especially those with ambiguous ownership or registration, are often subject to scrutiny due to their potential involvement in smuggling, environmental damage, or circumvention of trade restrictions.

The involvement of an Iranian-flagged vessel and crude oil suggests a potential connection to international sanctions that may be in place against Iran. Indonesia, as a member of the international community, adheres to and enforces various international sanctions regimes. The AGO’s role in this instance is to legally process the confiscated assets, ensuring that they are handled in accordance with Indonesian law and international agreements. The "barang rampasan negara" (state confiscated goods) designation signifies that these assets have been legally forfeited to the state following a judicial or administrative process.

The establishment of an auction process, particularly an open and transparent one, is a critical step in liquidating these assets. The process aims to achieve the highest possible market value for the confiscated items, thereby maximizing the recovery of funds for the state. The significant valuation of Rp1.17 trillion (approximately $72 million USD, using an exchange rate of Rp16,200 to $1 USD) for the tanker and its cargo indicates the substantial nature of the illicit trade or activity that led to the seizure.

Official Statements and Support

Ahmad Sahroni, Deputy Speaker of Commission III of the DPR RI, which oversees legal affairs, security, and human rights, has publicly endorsed the AGO’s initiative. His statement emphasizes the transparency and tangible nature of the asset recovery process. "The AGO’s step is commendable. The public can clearly see how law enforcement works to recover state losses in a real and transparent manner. Moreover, the value reaches more than Rp1 trillion, which is not a small figure and is very meaningful for state asset recovery efforts," Sahroni stated.

This affirmation from a senior legislative figure is crucial. It signals parliamentary support for the AGO’s actions and reinforces the importance of asset recovery as a national priority. Sahroni’s emphasis on transparency is particularly noteworthy, as it addresses potential public concerns about the handling of seized assets and aims to build confidence in the legal system’s ability to manage such sensitive operations effectively.

Sahroni further connected the AGO’s current efforts with the broader agenda of President Prabowo Subianto, who has reportedly placed a significant focus on recovering state losses stemming from various criminal activities. "Moreover, President Prabowo is currently placing a major focus on asset recovery from various crimes that harm the state. This approach to law enforcement must continue to be prioritized," he added. This linkage suggests a coordinated national strategy where law enforcement agencies are empowered and encouraged to pursue asset recovery vigorously.

The Deputy Speaker’s concluding remarks underscore the commitment of Commission III to this cause: "Ensure that the entire process runs openly, accountably, and that the results truly return for the benefit of the state. Commission III clearly supports this." This statement signifies a strong legislative backing for the AGO’s actions, providing them with the political capital to proceed with confidence.

The Auction Process and its Implications

The auction of the MT Arman 114 and its cargo represents more than just a financial transaction; it is a critical component of the rule of law and a deterrent against future illicit activities. The open auction format is designed to attract a wide range of potential bidders, thereby fostering competition and driving up the final sale price. This transparency also helps to mitigate concerns about corruption or favoritheid in the disposal of state assets.

The details of the auction, including the minimum bid of Rp1.17 trillion and the security deposit of Rp118 billion, provide insight into the perceived market value of the seized assets. The security deposit, a standard practice in auctions, ensures that only serious buyers participate and protects the seller from frivolous bids. The substantial amount required for the deposit further indicates the high value of the assets on offer.

Broader Context of Asset Recovery in Indonesia

Asset recovery has become an increasingly vital tool in Indonesia’s fight against corruption and other economic crimes. The Proceeds of Crime (Prevention and Disposal) Law, for instance, provides a legal framework for the confiscation and disposal of assets derived from criminal activities. The AGO, through its specialized units like the ARD, plays a pivotal role in identifying, freezing, and ultimately recovering these assets.

The success of asset recovery efforts has direct implications for the state’s finances. Funds recovered through auctions and other disposal mechanisms can be channeled back into public services, infrastructure development, or the state budget, effectively offsetting losses incurred due to criminal activities. Furthermore, a robust asset recovery system acts as a deterrent, making criminal enterprises less attractive by reducing their ability to profit from their illegal endeavors.

Supporting Data and Trends

Globally, asset recovery has gained prominence as a key strategy in combating transnational organized crime, corruption, and terrorism financing. International bodies like the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) promote best practices and provide frameworks for effective asset recovery.

In Indonesia, the volume of assets recovered has seen fluctuations over the years, often influenced by the intensity of law enforcement efforts and the complexity of the cases. However, there has been a discernible trend towards greater emphasis on asset recovery as a punitive and compensatory measure. Reports from the AGO and other relevant agencies often highlight significant sums recovered from various cases, including corruption, narcotics trafficking, and environmental crimes.

For example, in previous years, the AGO has reported successful auctions of seized luxury vehicles, real estate, and other valuable items, contributing to the state treasury. The current auction of the MT Arman 114 represents one of the largest single asset disposals in recent memory, given the scale of the vessel and its valuable cargo.

Analysis of Implications

The acceleration of the auction process for the MT Arman 114 and its cargo carries several significant implications:

  • Enhanced State Revenue: The successful auction will directly contribute a substantial amount to the Indonesian state treasury, bolstering financial resources that can be allocated to national development priorities.
  • Deterrent Effect: The visible and efficient recovery of assets from illicit activities serves as a strong deterrent to potential perpetrators. It signals that criminal gains will not be allowed to remain in the hands of offenders and that law enforcement is capable of seizing and liquidating such assets.
  • Strengthened Rule of Law: The transparent and accountable handling of seized assets reinforces the credibility of the Indonesian legal system. It demonstrates the government’s commitment to upholding the rule of law and ensuring that justice is not only served but also seen to be served.
  • International Cooperation: The seizure and auction of an Iranian-flagged vessel might also involve or signal cooperation with international partners in enforcing sanctions or combating maritime crime. This can enhance Indonesia’s standing in international efforts against illegal activities.
  • Economic Impact: The crude oil cargo, once auctioned, will enter the legitimate market, potentially impacting supply and demand dynamics, albeit on a smaller scale compared to major oil producers. The tanker itself, upon sale, will likely be refurbished or continue its service under new ownership.

Future Outlook and Challenges

The success of this auction, while anticipated to be positive, will depend on several factors, including the interest of potential buyers and the market conditions for crude oil at the time of the sale. Challenges in asset recovery can include legal complexities, the need for international cooperation in tracing and repatriating assets, and ensuring the physical security and maintenance of seized goods before disposal.

However, the proactive stance taken by the AGO, coupled with the strong support from the legislative branch as articulated by Ahmad Sahroni, suggests a determined effort to overcome these challenges. The emphasis on transparency and accountability is paramount to ensuring public trust and maximizing the benefits of these recovery efforts for the Indonesian people. The commitment to prioritizing asset recovery under President Prabowo’s administration indicates that such high-value auctions are likely to become more frequent as law enforcement agencies continue to target illicit gains.

0 comment
0 FacebookTwitterPinterestEmail
Health

One in Five Indonesian Children Experience Stunting and Anemia, Directly Linked to Cognitive Decline, New Study Reveals

by Azzam Bilal Chamdy
written by Azzam Bilal Chamdy

A groundbreaking study from the Indonesia Health Development Center (IHDC) has unveiled a stark reality: one in five children in Indonesia suffers from stunting and anemia, conditions that are directly impacting their cognitive abilities, including crucial working memory. This finding underscores a critical, yet often overlooked, dimension of malnutrition in Indonesia, extending beyond physical growth to affect the intellectual potential of its youngest generation. The implications are profound, signaling a potential long-term drag on the nation’s human capital development and overall progress.

The study, presented in Jakarta on Wednesday, April 15, 2026, by IHDC, highlights that despite improvements in human development indicators, the persistent challenge of malnutrition, particularly among children, poses a significant threat to their future cognitive capacity. Nila Djuwita Moeloek, the Chairperson of IHDC’s Advisory Board, emphasized that this issue remains a substantial homework assignment for Indonesia, even as the nation strives for broader development.

"Indonesia still has stunting. One in five Indonesian children are stunted, still 20 percent," Moeloek stated during the study’s dissemination. This statistic, representing a substantial portion of the nation’s children, points to a deeply entrenched problem that requires urgent and comprehensive intervention. The IHDC’s research moves beyond the commonly understood effects of stunting on physical stature, delving into its insidious impact on brain development and academic performance.

Beyond Physical Stature: The Brain’s Vulnerability

Historically, stunting has been primarily viewed as a problem of stunted physical growth, often characterized by short stature for age. However, the IHDC’s research unequivocally demonstrates that the ramifications extend far deeper, affecting the very architecture of a child’s developing brain. Children experiencing stunting and anemia are demonstrably more likely to exhibit lower academic capabilities and impaired brain development compared to their well-nourished peers.

The study’s findings are particularly concerning regarding the magnitude of this cognitive deficit. Children affected by stunting and anemia can experience a multi-fold decrease in their cognitive abilities. Moeloek elaborated on this critical point, stating, "With stunting, the academic ability or brain development is five times lower. This means their comprehension is not the same as normal children." This significant reduction in comprehension and learning capacity can create an insurmountable gap in educational attainment, setting these children on a trajectory of academic struggle.

Furthermore, the study places a spotlight on the significant role of anemia, specifically iron deficiency, in this cognitive impairment. Low hemoglobin levels, a hallmark of anemia, have been directly correlated with deficits in working memory. Working memory is a vital cognitive function responsible for temporarily storing and manipulating information, which is fundamental for learning, problem-solving, and complex reasoning.

1 dari 5 Anak RI Alami Stunting-Anemia, Studi Temukan Efeknya ke IQ

"Low hemoglobin correlates with comprehension or working memory. The operation is almost 4, around 3.08," Moeloek explained, quantifying the impact of iron deficiency on this critical cognitive function. This suggests that children with anemia struggle to hold and process information simultaneously, directly hindering their ability to engage with educational material and complex tasks.

The IHDC’s research further identified that one in five children exhibits a deficit in working memory, with this deficiency being particularly pronounced among children who are stunted, anemic, and have inadequate intake of protein and calories. This convergence of nutritional deficiencies paints a grim picture of the challenges faced by a significant segment of Indonesia’s child population.

A Complex Web of Nutritional Deficiencies

The IHDC’s study, conducted on primary school students in Jakarta, revealed a widespread deficiency in essential nutrients, including protein, calories, and iron. These nutrients are not merely building blocks for physical growth; they are indispensable for optimal brain development and a child’s readiness to learn.

The consequences of this nutritional deficit are palpable in the classroom. Children suffering from malnutrition often struggle with focus and concentration, exhibit slower comprehension of lessons, and are at a heightened risk of falling behind academically. This creates a vicious cycle where poor nutrition leads to poor academic performance, which can, in turn, limit future educational and economic opportunities.

Moeloek stressed that the problem of childhood malnutrition in Indonesia is not an isolated issue but rather a complex interplay of various factors. These include access to nutritious food, adequate sanitation, and effective parenting practices. Addressing this multifaceted challenge requires a holistic approach that tackles these interconnected determinants.

The Critical Window: The First 1,000 Days of Life

A central tenet of the IHDC’s findings is the paramount importance of early intervention. Moeloek strongly emphasized that nutritional interventions cannot be delayed until children are older. The most critical period for intervention is from conception through a child’s second year of life, a period commonly referred to as the "1,000 days of life."

"This is needed from the early age, especially within the first thousand days of life, meaning during pregnancy and up to two years of age," she explained. This critical window of development offers a unique opportunity to shape a child’s cognitive and physical trajectory. Interventions during this period can lay the foundation for healthy brain development and prevent irreversible damage caused by malnutrition.

1 dari 5 Anak RI Alami Stunting-Anemia, Studi Temukan Efeknya ke IQ

Furthermore, Moeloek highlighted the crucial role of maternal preparedness before pregnancy, particularly concerning the mother’s health and nutritional status. The health and nutritional status of the mother directly influence the developing fetus. Interventions after the age of two years, while still potentially beneficial, are significantly less optimal in their impact.

"We once tried to give good food to stunted children, and their IQ only increased by about 15 percent, so it wasn’t truly significant," Moeloek shared, illustrating the diminishing returns of late interventions. While some improvements may be observed, the potential for full recovery of cognitive function is significantly curtailed if critical nutritional needs are not met during the early stages of development.

Implications for Human Capital and National Development

The persistent issue of child malnutrition and its impact on cognitive development has direct and far-reaching implications for Indonesia’s future human capital and its overall competitiveness on the global stage. Moeloek alluded to the nation’s average IQ as a continuing challenge, suggesting that improved cognitive capacity among its population is essential for national progress.

She asserted that an increase in the Human Development Index (HDI) alone is insufficient if not accompanied by equitable improvements in nutrition and health quality. The IHDC advocates for comprehensive interventions that extend beyond mere food provision to encompass education, sanitation, and improved parenting practices.

"If our country wants to have good, quality human resources, the beginning is to provide them with the right food, good conditions, and of course, quality parenting or education," Moeloek stated. This integrated approach recognizes that a child’s development is influenced by a multitude of environmental and social factors.

Key Interventions Identified by IHDC:

  • Ensuring Adequate Intake: Prioritizing sufficient consumption of protein, calories, and iron for children, particularly during the critical early years. This involves promoting diverse diets and addressing affordability and accessibility of nutritious foods.
  • Improving Water and Sanitation: Enhancing access to clean water and adequate sanitation facilities is crucial to prevent infections that can exacerbate malnutrition and hinder nutrient absorption.
  • Elevating Parenting and Education Quality: Investing in programs that educate parents on optimal childcare practices, nutrition, and early childhood development is vital. This includes promoting responsive parenting and creating stimulating learning environments.

The IHDC’s findings serve as a potent reminder that the issue of child malnutrition transcends a mere health concern; it is intrinsically linked to the future of generations and the nation’s potential. Without timely and effective interventions, the long-term consequences—stunted cognitive abilities, reduced productivity, and diminished national competitiveness—will continue to cast a shadow over Indonesia’s aspirations for progress and prosperity. The study’s call to action is clear: a concerted, multi-sectoral effort is required to ensure that every Indonesian child has the opportunity to reach their full intellectual and developmental potential.

0 comment
0 FacebookTwitterPinterestEmail